Ex vivo fecal fermentation of human ileal fluid collected after raspberry consumption modifies (poly)phenolics and modulates genoprotective effects in colonic epithelial cells

Diets rich in fruit and vegetables are associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) due, part, to the bioactive (poly)phenolic components their microbiota-mediated metabolites. This study investigated how such compounds, derived from ingested raspberries gastrointestinal tract, may exert protective effects by reducing DNA damage. Ileal fluids collected pre- post-consumption 300 g ileostomists (n = 11) were subjected 24 h ex vivo fermentation fecal inoculum simulate interaction colonic microbiota. The impact on (poly)phenolics ileal fluid was determined bioactivity post investigated. (Poly)phenolic compounds including sanguiin H-6, H-10 cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside significantly during while, contrast, microbial catabolites, 3-(3?-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid benzoic increased significantly. post-raspberry fermentate 9 11 ileostomates damage (~30%) CCD 841 CoN normal cell line using an oxidative challenge COMET assay. raspberry fermentates also modulated gene expression nuclear factor 2–antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway involved stress cytoprotection, namely Nrf2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone-1 heme oxygenase-1. Four phenolic catabolites assessed individually, each over physiologically relevant 10–100 ?M range. They induced differential pattern key genes Nrf2-ARE cells. indicates that colon-available (poly)phenols microbial-derived play role protection against CRC vivo.